netstat

Netstat (NETwork STATistics) is a command-line tool that provides information about your network configuration and activity.

To display the routing table:

#netstat -rn

-r: Kernel routing tables.
-n: Shows numerical addresses instead of trying to determine hosts.

Kernel IP routing table

Destination 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0

Gateway 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1

Genmask 255.255.255.0 0.0.0.0

Flags U UG

MSS 0 0

Window 0 0

irtt 0 0

Iface eth1 eth1

To display the quick interfaces statistics:

#netstat -i

-i: Interface

Kernel Interface table

Iface ath0 eth0 eth1 lo

MTU 1500 1500 1500 16436

Met 0 0 0 0

RX-OK 0 0 1156 225

RX-ERR 250 0 0 0

RX-DRP 0 0 0 0

RX-OVR 0 0 0 0

TX-OK 0 0 568 225

TX-ERR 0 0 0 0

TX-DRP 0 0 0 0

TX-OVR 0 0 0 0

FLG BMRU BMU BMRU LRU

To display the extended interfaces statistics:

#netstat -ie

-i: Interface
-e: Extended information

Kernel Interface table
eth0    Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr AA:00:11:22:33:44
         UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
         RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
         TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
         collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
         RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:0 (0.0 b)
         Interrupt:169

eth1    Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr AA:00:11:22:33:44
         inet addr:192.168.1.101 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
         inet6 addr: fe80::a100:0aa:aa00:a01/64 Scope:Link
         UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
         RX packets:1212 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
         TX packets:580 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
         collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
         RX bytes:216479 (211.4 KiB) TX bytes:56987 (55.6 KiB)
         Interrupt:201 Memory:dfcff000-dfcfffff

lo       Link encap:Local Loopback
         inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
         inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
         UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1
         RX packets:238 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
         TX packets:238 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
         collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
         RX bytes:8688 (8.4 KiB) TX bytes:8688 (8.4 KiB)

Note that "netstat -ie" is equivalent to "ifconfig -a".

To display all the opened network sockets:

#netstat -uta

-u: UDP
-t: TCP
-a: All

Active Internet connections (servers and established)

Proto tcp tcp tcp tcp tcp tcp tcp tcp tcp tcp6 udp

Recv-Q 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Send-Q 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Local Address localhost:48898 localhost:39524 localhost:mysql localhost:ipp 192.168.1.101:49041 localhost:39524 192.168.1.101:43706 192.168.1.101:43704 localhost:53920 *:www *:bootpc

Foreign Address *:* *:* *:* *:* lm-in-f104.google.c:www localhost:53920 fk-in-f104.google.c:www fk-in-f104.google.c:www localhost:39524 *:* *:*

State LISTEN LISTEN LISTEN LISTEN CLOSE_WAIT ESTABLISHED ESTABLISHED ESTABLISHED ESTABLISHED LISTEN

The listening state sockets are included in the output only if you specify the --listening (-l) or --all (-a) option.

The possible socket states are as follows:
(taken from the "man netstat" page)

ESTABLISHED: SYN_SENT: SYN_RECV: FIN_WAIT1: FIN_WAIT2:   TIME_WAIT: CLOSED: CLOSE_WAIT: LAST_ACK:   LISTEN:   CLOSING: UNKNOWN:

The socket has an established connection. The socket is actively attempting to establish a connection. A connection request has been received from the network. The socket is closed, and the connection is shutting down. Connection is closed, and the socket is waiting for a shutdown from the remote end. The socket is waiting after close to handle packets still in the network. The socket is not being used. The remote end has shut down, waiting for the socket to close. The remote end has shut down, and the socket is closed. Waiting for acknowledgement. The socket is listening for incoming connections. Such sockets are not included in the output unless you specify the --listening (-l) or --all (-a) option. Both sockets are shut down but we still don�t have all our data sent. The state of the socket is unknown.

To display all the opened network sockets (extended informations):

#netstat -aute

-a: All
-u: UDP
-t: TCP
-e: Extended

Active Internet connections (servers and established)

Proto tcp tcp tcp tcp tcp tcp tcp tcp6 udp

Recv-Q 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Send-Q 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Local Address localhost:48898 localhost:39524 localhost:mysql localhost:ipp localhost:39524 localhost:53920 192.168.1.101:42745 *:www *:bootpc

Foreign Address *:* *:* *:* *:* localhost:53920 localhost:39524 lm-in-f147.google.c:www *:* *:*

State LISTEN LISTEN LISTEN LISTEN ESTABLISHED ESTABLISHED ESTABLISHED LISTEN

User hplip hplip mysql root hplip hplip po root dhcp

Inode 12383 12321 12635 12447 12324 12389 15781 13141 14513

To display all the listening state sockets:

#netstat -lt

-t: TCP
-l: Listening state sockets

Active Internet connections (only servers)

Proto tcp tcp tcp tcp tcp6

Recv-Q 0 0 0 0 0

Send-Q 0 0 0 0 0

Local Address localhost:48898 localhost:39524 localhost:mysql localhost:ipp *:www

Foreign Address *:* *:* *:* *:* *:*

State LISTEN LISTEN LISTEN LISTEN LISTEN

To display the summary statistics for each protocol

#netstat -s

-s: Summary statistics for each protocol.

Ip:
     604 total packets received
     1 with invalid addresses
     0 forwarded
     0 incoming packets discarded
     485 incoming packets delivered
     507 requests sent out
Icmp:
     0 ICMP messages received
     0 input ICMP message failed.
     ICMP input histogram:
     0 ICMP messages sent
     0 ICMP messages failed
     ICMP output histogram:
Tcp:
     21 active connections openings
     4 passive connection openings
     0 failed connection attempts
     0 connection resets received
     3 connections established
     351 segments received
     388 segments send out
     0 segments retransmited
     0 bad segments received.
     2 resets sent
Udp:
     119 packets received
     0 packets to unknown port received.
     0 packet receive errors
     119 packets sent
TcpExt:
     5 TCP sockets finished time wait in fast timer
     21 delayed acks sent
     Quick ack mode was activated 10 times
     31 packets directly queued to recvmsg prequeue.
     15765 of bytes directly received from prequeue
     105 packet headers predicted
     17 packets header predicted and directly queued to user
     36 acknowledgments not containing data received
     11 predicted acknowledgments
     0 TCP data loss events